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Kukambitsirana kwamalingaliro pa mayeso okhazikika a aerosol opangidwa ndi Arrhenius formula

Kukambitsirana kwamalingaliro pa mayeso okhazikika a aerosol opangidwa ndi Arrhenius formula

Njira yofunikira kuti zinthu zathu za aerosol zikhazikitsidwe ndikuyesa kukhazikika, koma tiwona kuti ngakhale kuyesa kukhazikika kwadutsa, padzakhalabe magawo osiyanasiyana a kutumbuka kwa dzimbiri pakupanga misa, kapena zovuta zamtundu wazinthu zambiri.Ndiye kodi zikadali zomveka kwa ife kuyesa kukhazikika?
Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za 50 ℃ miyezi itatu yoyezetsa kukhazikika ndikufanana ndi zaka ziwiri zoyeserera zoyeserera pa kutentha kwachipinda, ndiye kuti phindu lachidziwitso limachokera kuti?Njira yodziwika bwino iyenera kutchulidwa apa: fomula ya Arrhenius.Arrhenius equation ndi mawu akuti mankhwala.Ndi chilinganizo champhamvu cha ubale pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika ndi kutentha.Zochita zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti chilinganizochi sichimangogwira ntchito pamachitidwe a gasi, zomwe zimachitika pamadzimadzi komanso ma multiphase othandizira.
Kulemba kwa fomula (yofotokozera)

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K ndi mlingo wokhazikika, R ndi gasi wokhazikika, T ndi kutentha kwa thermodynamic, Ea ndi mphamvu yowonekera, ndipo A ndi pre-exponential factor (imadziwikanso kuti frequency factor).

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti Arrhenius 'empirical formula imaganiza kuti activation energy Ea imatengedwa ngati yosasunthika popanda kutentha, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira zoyesera mkati mwa kutentha kwina.Komabe, chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kapena zovuta, LNK ndi 1/T sizowongoka bwino.Zimasonyeza kuti mphamvu yotsegulira imagwirizana ndi kutentha ndipo Arrhenius empirical formula sikugwira ntchito pazochitika zina zovuta.

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Kodi titha kutsatirabe njira ya Arrhenius mu ma aerosols?Malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili, ambiri a iwo amatsatiridwa, kupatulapo ochepa, pokhapokha ngati "activation energy Ea" ya mankhwala aerosol ndi yokhazikika yokhazikika popanda kutentha.
Malinga ndi Arrhenius equation, zinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala zimaphatikizapo izi:
(1) Kupanikizika: pamachitidwe amagetsi okhudzana ndi gasi, zinthu zina zikakhala zosasinthika (kupatula voliyumu), onjezerani kupanikizika, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwake kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa ma reactants kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu oyendetsedwa pa voliyumu iliyonse kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa ma reactants kumawonjezeka. kugunda kothandiza pa nthawi ya unit kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika kumathamanga;Apo ayi, imachepa.Ngati voliyumuyo imakhala yosasintha, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika kumakhalabe kosalekeza (powonjezera mpweya womwe sutenga nawo gawo pakupanga mankhwala).Chifukwa ndende sikusintha, chiwerengero cha mamolekyu yogwira pa voliyumu si kusintha.Koma pa voliyumu yosalekeza, ngati muwonjezera ma reactants, kachiwiri, mumagwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika, ndipo mumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka, mumawonjezera mlingo.
(2) Kutentha: malinga ngati kutentha kumadzuka, mamolekyu a reactant amapeza mphamvu, kotero kuti gawo la ma molekyulu otsika amphamvu amakhala mamolekyu, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu oyendetsedwa, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kugunda kwachangu, kotero kuti zomwe zimachitika. kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo (chifukwa chachikulu).Inde, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka maselo kumathamanga, ndipo chiwerengero cha kugunda kwa ma reactants pa nthawi ya unit chikuwonjezeka, ndipo zomwe zidzachitike zidzapititsidwa molingana (chifukwa chachiwiri).
(3) Chothandizira: kugwiritsa ntchito chothandizira zabwino kungachepetse mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zichitike, kuti mamolekyu ambiri okhala ndi reactant akhale mamolekyulu, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a reactant pa voliyumu iliyonse, motero kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma reactants nthawi zambiri.Zothandizira zoyipa ndizosiyana.
(4) Kuyikirapo: Pamene zinthu zina zili zofanana, kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya reactants kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha mamolekyu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa voliyumu iliyonse, motero kuwonjezera kugundana kogwira mtima, kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zimachitika, koma kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu oyendetsedwa sikunasinthe.
Zomwe zimapangidwira pazigawo zinayi zapamwambazi zitha kufotokoza bwino za gulu lathu la malo owononga (gas phase corrosion, liquid phase corrosion and interface corrosion) :
1) Mu gasi gasi dzimbiri, ngakhale voliyumu imakhalabe yosasinthika, kupanikizika kumawonjezeka.Pamene kutentha kumakwera, kutsegulira kwa mpweya (oxygen), madzi ndi propellant kumawonjezeka, ndipo chiwerengero cha kugunda chikuwonjezeka, kotero kuti gasi gawo la dzimbiri limakula.Chifukwa chake, kusankha koyenera koyenera kwa gasi gawo la dzimbiri inhibitor ndikofunikira kwambiri
2) madzi gawo dzimbiri, chifukwa kutsegula kwa kuchuluka ndende, zonyansa zina (monga ayoni haidrojeni, etc.) mu ofooka kugwirizana ndi ma CD zipangizo inapita patsogolo kugunda opangidwa dzimbiri, kotero kusankha madzi gawo odana ndi wothandizila ayenera kuganizira mosamala. kuphatikiza pH ndi zopangira.
3) Chiyankhulo dzimbiri, pamodzi ndi kuthamanga, kutsegula catalysis, mpweya (oksijeni), madzi, propellant, zonyansa (monga ayoni wa hydrogen, etc.) anachita zonse, chifukwa mawonekedwe dzimbiri, bata ndi kamangidwe ka chilinganizo dongosolo n'kofunika kwambiri. .

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Kubwerera ku funso lapitalo, n'chifukwa chiyani nthawi zina kuyesa kukhazikika kumagwira ntchito, koma palinso zovuta zokhudzana ndi kupanga misala?Ganizirani izi:
1: kukhazikika kwa dongosolo la chilinganizo, monga kusintha kwa Ph, kukhazikika kwa emulsification, kukhazikika kwa machulukitsidwe ndi zina zotero.
2: zonyansa mu zopangira zilipo, monga kusintha ma hydrogen ayoni ndi chloride ayoni
3: batch kukhazikika kwa zopangira, ph pakati pamagulu azinthu zopangira, kukula kwapatuka kwazinthu ndi zina zotero.
4: kukhazikika kwa zitini za aerosol ndi mavavu ndi zinthu zina zoyikapo, kukhazikika kwa makulidwe a plating wosanjikiza, m'malo mwazinthu zopangira chifukwa chakukwera kwamitengo
5: Unikani mosamalitsa zovuta zilizonse pakuyezetsa kukhazikika, ngakhale ndikusintha pang'ono, pangani chigamulo choyenera kudzera mu kufananiza kopingasa, kakulidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono ndi njira zina (uwu ndiye luso losowa kwambiri pamsika wa aerosol wapanyumba pakadali pano)
Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwamtundu wazinthu kumakhudza mbali zonse, ndipo ndikofunikira kukhala ndi dongosolo lathunthu lowongolera doko lonse lazinthu zogulitsira (kuphatikiza zogula, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, miyezo yoyendera, kupanga, ndi zina) kuti zikwaniritse mulingo njira, kuti titsimikizire kukhazikika komaliza ndi kugwirizana kwa zinthu zathu.
Tsoka ilo, zomwe tikufuna kugawana pakali pano ndikuti kuyesa kukhazikika sikungatsimikizire kuti palibe mavuto pakuyesa kukhazikika, ndipo kupanga misa sikuyenera kukhala ndi mavuto.Kuphatikiza zomwe zili pamwambazi ndikuyesa kukhazikika kwa chinthu chilichonse, titha kupewa ngozi zambiri zobisika.Pali zovuta zina zomwe zimadikirira kuti tifufuze, tipeze ndikuthetsa.Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa za ma aerosols ndikuti anthu ambiri akuyembekezeka kuthetsa zinsinsi zambiri.


Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-23-2022
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